Cookie 使用指南

Cookie 是一小段資料，由網站傳送並儲存在您的電腦中。Cookie 主要用於識別使用者並載入已儲存的資訊。

WebDriver API 提供了一種透過內建方法與 Cookie 互動的方式

它用於將 Cookie 新增到目前的瀏覽上下文中。「新增 Cookie」僅接受一組定義好的可序列化 JSON 物件。這裡是接受的 JSON 鍵值列表連結

首先，您需要位於 Cookie 將生效的網域中。如果您嘗試在開始與網站互動之前預先設定 Cookie，並且您的首頁很大/需要一段時間才能載入，那麼另一種方法是在網站上找到一個較小的頁面（通常 404 頁面很小，例如 http://example.com/some404page）

移動程式碼

	      driver.get("https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html");
	      // Add cookie into current browser context
	      driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("key", "value"));

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("http://www.example.com")

    # Adds the cookie into current browser context
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "key", "value": "value"})

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

         driver.Url="https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html";
         // Add cookie into current browser context
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("key", "value"));

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
  
  # Adds the cookie into current browser context
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "key", value: "value")
ensure
  driver.quit
end

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

fun main() {
    val driver = ChromeDriver()
    try {
        driver.get("https://example.com")

        // Adds the cookie into current browser context
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("key", "value"))
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}

它會傳回與所有相關 Cookie 中 Cookie 名稱相符的序列化 Cookie 資料。

移動程式碼

	        driver.get("https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html");
	        // Add cookie into current browser context
	        driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("foo", "bar"));
	        // Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
	        Cookie cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo");

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("http://www.example.com")

    # Adds the cookie into current browser context
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "foo", "value": "bar"})

    # Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
    print(driver.get_cookie("foo"))

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

         driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html";
         // Add cookie into current browser context
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("foo", "bar"));
         // Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
         Cookie cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed("foo");

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "foo", value: "bar")

  # Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
  puts driver.manage.cookie_named('foo')
ensure
  driver.quit
end

    await driver.manage().addCookie({ name: 'foo', value: 'bar' });

    // Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
    await driver.manage().getCookie('foo').then(function(cookie) {

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

fun main() {
    val driver = ChromeDriver()
    try {
        driver.get("https://example.com")
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("foo", "bar"))

        // Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
        val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo")
        println(cookie)
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}

取得所有 Cookie

它會傳回目前瀏覽上下文的「成功序列化 Cookie 資料」。如果瀏覽器不再可用，則會傳回錯誤。

移動程式碼

	        driver.get("https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html");
	        // Add cookies into current browser context
	        driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
	        driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
	        // Get cookies
	        Set<Cookie> cookies = driver.manage().getCookies();
	         for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
	            if (cookie.getName().equals("test1")) {
	                Assertions.assertEquals(cookie.getValue(), "cookie1");
	            }

	            if (cookie.getName().equals("test2")) {
	                Assertions.assertEquals(cookie.getValue(), "cookie2");
	            }
	         }

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    driver.get("http://www.example.com")

    driver.add_cookie({"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})

    # Get all available cookies
    print(driver.get_cookies())

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

         driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html";
         // Add cookies into current browser context
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
         // Get cookies
         var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies;
         foreach (var cookie in cookies){
             if (cookie.Name.Equals("test1")){
                 Assert.AreEqual("cookie1", cookie.Value);
             }
             if (cookie.Name.Equals("test2")){
                 Assert.AreEqual("cookie2", cookie.Value);
             }
         }

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test1", value: "cookie1")
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test2", value: "cookie2")

  # Get all available cookies
  puts driver.manage.all_cookies
ensure
  driver.quit
end


    // Get all Available cookies
    await driver.manage().getCookies().then(function(cookies) {

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

fun main() {
    val driver = ChromeDriver()
    try {
        driver.get("https://example.com")
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1", "cookie1"))
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test2", "cookie2"))

        // Get All available cookies
        val cookies = driver.manage().cookies
        println(cookies)
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}

它會刪除與提供的 Cookie 名稱相符的 Cookie 資料。

移動程式碼

	        driver.get("https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html");
	        driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
	        // delete cookie named
	        driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("test1");

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    driver.get("http://www.example.com")

    driver.add_cookie({"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})

    # Delete cookie with name 'test1'
    driver.delete_cookie("test1")

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

         driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html";
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
         // delete cookie named
         driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed("test1");

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test1", value: "cookie1")
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test2", value: "cookie2")

  # delete a cookie with name 'test1'
  driver.manage.delete_cookie('test1')
ensure
  driver.quit
end

    await driver.manage().addCookie({ name: 'test2', value: 'cookie2' });

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

fun main() {
    val driver = ChromeDriver()
    try {
        driver.get("https://example.com")
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1", "cookie1"))
        val cookie1 = Cookie("test2", "cookie2")
        driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1)

        // delete a cookie with name 'test1'
        driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("test1")
        
        // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.
        driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1)
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}

刪除所有 Cookie

它會刪除目前瀏覽上下文的所有 Cookie。

移動程式碼

	        driver.get("https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html");
	        // Add cookies into current browser context
	        driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
	        driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
	        // Delete All cookies
	        driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    driver.get("http://www.example.com")

    driver.add_cookie({"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})

    # Delete all cookies
    driver.delete_all_cookies()

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

         driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html";
         // Add cookies into current browser context
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
         driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
         // Delete All cookies
         driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies();

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test1", value: "cookie1")
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test2", value: "cookie2")

  # deletes all cookies
  driver.manage.delete_all_cookies
ensure
  driver.quit
end

    await driver.manage().addCookie({ name: 'test2', value: 'cookie2' });

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

fun main() {
    val driver = ChromeDriver()
    try {
        driver.get("https://example.com")
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1", "cookie1"))
        driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test2", "cookie2"))

        // deletes all cookies
        driver.manage().deleteAllCookies()
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}

它允許使用者指示瀏覽器控制是否將 Cookie 與第三方網站啟動的請求一起傳送。它的引入是為了防止 CSRF（跨站請求偽造）攻擊。

Same-Site Cookie 屬性接受兩個參數作為指令

Strict

當 sameSite 屬性設定為 Strict 時，Cookie 將不會與第三方網站啟動的請求一起傳送。

Lax

當您將 Cookie 的 sameSite 屬性設定為 Lax 時，Cookie 將會與第三方網站啟動的 GET 請求一起傳送。

注意：截至目前，此功能已在 Chrome（80+ 版本）、Firefox（79+ 版本）中實作，並適用於 Selenium 4 及更高版本。

移動程式碼

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class cookieTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    try {
      driver.get("http://www.example.com");
      Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Strict").build();
      Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Lax").build();
      driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
      driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1);
      System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite());
      System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite());
    } finally {
      driver.quit();
    }
  }
}

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    driver.get("http://www.example.com")

    # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "foo", "value": "value", "sameSite": "Strict"})
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "foo1", "value": "value", "sameSite": "Lax"})

    cookie1 = driver.get_cookie("foo")
    cookie2 = driver.get_cookie("foo1")

    print(cookie1)
    print(cookie2)

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SameSiteCookie {
  class SameSiteCookie {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
      IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
      try {
        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.example.com");

        var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, object>() {
          { "name", "test1" }, { "value", "cookie1" }, { "sameSite", "Strict" } };
        var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary);

        var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, object>() {
          { "name", "test2" }, { "value", "cookie2" }, { "sameSite", "Lax" } };
        var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary);

        driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1);
        driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2);

        System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite);
        System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite);
      } finally {
        driver.Quit();
      }
    }
  }
}

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
  # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "foo", value: "bar", same_site: "Strict")
  driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "foo1", value: "bar", same_site: "Lax")
  puts driver.manage.cookie_named('foo')
  puts driver.manage.cookie_named('foo1')
ensure
  driver.quit
end

    await driver.get('https://selenium.dev.org.tw/selenium/web/blank.html');

    // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'

在 GitHub 上檢視完整範例

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

fun main() {
    val driver = ChromeDriver()
    try {
        driver.get("http://www.example.com")
        val cookie = Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Strict").build()
        val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Lax").build()
        driver.manage().addCookie(cookie)
        driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1)
        println(cookie.getSameSite())
        println(cookie1.getSameSite())
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}

上次修改日期：2024 年 11 月 30 日：chore: add `text=true` to the broken code examples (#2088)[deploy site] (3a3c6b9faab)

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